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Process Paper
I first learned about the brave endeavors of those involved with the Comet Line through a historical fiction book The Nightingale by Kristin Hannah. Hannah had modeled the main character and events of the book after Andrée de Jongh and the Comet Line. When I discovered that the events she had depicted were based in fact I was astounded that I had never heard of this amazing escape route.
When I began my research I originally planned to feature Andrée de Jongh, the founder of the Comet Line; however, the more I looked the harder it was to discard the amazing chronicles of other people involved and I decided to broaden my topic.
Surprisingly, there weren’t many resources available; just a few secondary sources. After some digging I found a remembrance site written in French. I used what little French I knew to start contact and was put in touch with a member of The Comet Line Remembrance, Kris Zavoli, whose father was an American airman who was shot down and escaped through the Comet Line and wrote his story in a diary. With her help and other members of the Remembrance I was soon sorting through tons of first hand accounts, photographs, and more. Now I was hunting for secondary resources, a problem that is unusual in research.
As I began putting the website together I consulted with my French professor to help validate my many translated quotes. I also spent a lot of time focusing on the aesthetic of the website. My topic was marked with death, torment, and oppression, but also resistance and hope. I needed to perfectly capture these dueling concepts. I decided upon a black and white theme to reflect the seriousness of the time but also the contrasting sides of the Comet Line members and their persecutors: the light in the darkness. I added red in order to brighten the color scheme but it also carries deeper meaning: red is associated with blood and rebellion; red is featured in the Nazi, French, Belgian, Spanish, and American flags which are all topics crucial to my website. My goal was to have the NHD theme be reinforced by everything in my project and reflect the risks and impact of taking a stand.
As soon as I saw the topic for this years project I knew what I was going to detail: The Comet Line perfectly fit the theme on a hidden level. Those involved with the route were directly opposing Hitler’s oppression but they couldn’t take a stand by voicing their opinion and gathering attention—that would only lead to imprisonment or death. Instead, they drew into the shadows in order to keep themselves, and fallen Allied airmen, alive. In order to save lives they had to shroud themselves; in order to make a difference they had to stay invisible. It seems the Comet Line did the impossible: taking moral and life-changing action without being seen.
When I began my research I originally planned to feature Andrée de Jongh, the founder of the Comet Line; however, the more I looked the harder it was to discard the amazing chronicles of other people involved and I decided to broaden my topic.
Surprisingly, there weren’t many resources available; just a few secondary sources. After some digging I found a remembrance site written in French. I used what little French I knew to start contact and was put in touch with a member of The Comet Line Remembrance, Kris Zavoli, whose father was an American airman who was shot down and escaped through the Comet Line and wrote his story in a diary. With her help and other members of the Remembrance I was soon sorting through tons of first hand accounts, photographs, and more. Now I was hunting for secondary resources, a problem that is unusual in research.
As I began putting the website together I consulted with my French professor to help validate my many translated quotes. I also spent a lot of time focusing on the aesthetic of the website. My topic was marked with death, torment, and oppression, but also resistance and hope. I needed to perfectly capture these dueling concepts. I decided upon a black and white theme to reflect the seriousness of the time but also the contrasting sides of the Comet Line members and their persecutors: the light in the darkness. I added red in order to brighten the color scheme but it also carries deeper meaning: red is associated with blood and rebellion; red is featured in the Nazi, French, Belgian, Spanish, and American flags which are all topics crucial to my website. My goal was to have the NHD theme be reinforced by everything in my project and reflect the risks and impact of taking a stand.
As soon as I saw the topic for this years project I knew what I was going to detail: The Comet Line perfectly fit the theme on a hidden level. Those involved with the route were directly opposing Hitler’s oppression but they couldn’t take a stand by voicing their opinion and gathering attention—that would only lead to imprisonment or death. Instead, they drew into the shadows in order to keep themselves, and fallen Allied airmen, alive. In order to save lives they had to shroud themselves; in order to make a difference they had to stay invisible. It seems the Comet Line did the impossible: taking moral and life-changing action without being seen.
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Websites
Connart, Philippe, Michel Dricot, and Édouard Renière. "Le Réseau Comte." Le Réseau Comte. The Comet Network, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
This website was one of the two sites that I found to be the most informative. It had great resources ranging from personal testimonies, to photographs of survival gear. I mainly used this website on the chronicles pages of my website as the individual stories brought a more intimate feeling to the website and demonstrated the overall impact quite well. It also was the main source of information for my process page and had a lot of good quotes to pull. The abundant amount of information here was added upon when the creator of the websites responded to my inquiring emails and gave me more websites and information.
D'Oultremont, Brigitte. "Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance." Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance. The Comet Line Remembrance, 2005. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
It was through this website that I established a connection with Brigitte d’Oultremont and Kris Zavoli who were both extremely helpful in my endeavor. The website itself held an abundance of photographs, maps, and lists that were all directly related to the Comet Line. This was one of the best databases for my research and I used its information in the entirety of my website.
“Escape and Evasion in Wartime Belgium." Www.belgiumww2.info - Escape and Evasion in Wartime Belgium. N.p., 1998. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
This website held detailed information on resistance in Belgium including, but not limited to, the Comet Line. Like most of my other primary sources, this gave me another in depth look at people’s escape stories however this website was unique as it held current and old pictures of the events and places it detailed.
Interview
Zavoli, Kris. "An Interview with the Daughter of an Airman Who Escaped Via the Comet Line." Personal interview. 04 Dec. 2016.
Kris was very helpful in all of my research and put me in touch with all of the other researchers in this area. Her first hand knowledge regarding her father’s experience was an invaluable contribution as it offers a unique perspective to my website that is not a perspective often seen.
Books
Crowe, William Francis. Diary. June-August 1943. World War II. Property of author's daughter, Kris Zavoli.
This diary was the highlight of my website and was an amazing source to experience. The vernacular used by Crowe and the shifting point of views makes it an excellent addition to my website as it shows the reality of the Comet Line and an airman’s experience during WWII.
Hitler, Adolf, and Ralph Manheim. Mein Kampf. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943. Print.
Though I didn’t read the entire book, just skimming and flipping through pages gave me a good idea of the terrible thoughts coursing through Hitler’s mind. By including just one simple quote from the book I was able to summarize what he believed him quite succinctly and fill out Germany’s portion of the background page
Neave, Airey. Little Cyclone. 1973. Print.
This biography was an awesome source of information and gave me a detailed look at the inner workings of the Comet Line and the immense and daring task that de Jongh faced. The knowledge I gained from this book was mainly used in the origins page but also in the page where I detail the different steps that are necessary for a successful escape.
Secondary Sources
Websites
"Air Forces Escape & Evasion Society." Air Forces Escape & Evasion Society. AFEES, n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
This website had a great map of the different escape lines which was an awesome addition to my context page. It also contained links to several interviews (though mainly ones in French) and enabled me to get a more well rounded view about the Comet line. There was a great page about escape aids that was extremely enlightening and had fascinating images.
Bailey, Roderick. "Andrée De Jongh: Organiser of the Comet Line." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 06 Dec. 2007. Web. 05 Jan. 2017.
This was an obituary of Andrée De Jongh and one of the first articles I read about her. Though I only pulled a few quotes from the website I would not have been able to learn as much about De Jongh and the Comet Line if I had not started somewhere. This was, indeed, a great summary of her awe inspiring life.
Bolnger, Bruce. "Comet Line (Le Réseau Comète)." WWII Netherlands Escape Lines. WWII Netherlands Escape Lines, 12 Mar. 2016. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
This was a great website for establishing background information on escape routes, tools, common issues, and other general information that was useful for gaining a well-rounded knowledge about all resistances—not just the Comet Line. While some of its tabs had little information, almost all of its pages had links that were very helpful in furthering my progress.
"The Comete Freedom Trail." WW2 Escape Lines Memorial Society. WW2 Escape Lines Memorial Society, n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
As opposed to the other websites that mainly detailed people’s stories of being shot down and escaping, this website provided an abundant amount of information regarding the route that the Comet Line members took and the terrain and distance that was covered. This enabled me to have different insight throughout my site.
Corbett, Sara. "The Escape Artist." The New York Times. The New York Times, 29 Dec. 2007. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
This was one of the original articles I read about De Jongh. Though I didn’t use it that much as I grew more experienced it was very informative while beginning my research.
"Hitler Urges Spain to Grab Gibraltar." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
History.com Staff. "Belgium Surrenders Unconditionally." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2017.
Both of these sources were very effective in my context page as I was able to quickly grasp an understanding of the scope of events and the intensity. The History staff writes great analysis and isn’t convoluted so it is very easy to find awesome quotes to use.
Howard, Georgina. "The Comet Line." Pyrenean Experience. N.p., 05 Apr. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
At first this site looked very unprofessional and opinionated to me but after delving deeper into it I realized how much useful information it offered and the great photographs and more intimate look it offered. It was also very useful because many of my sites look at the line from a broader perspective and Georgina looked into different people’s stories.
James, Keith. "Chauny Escape Line." Chauny Escape Line. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
As it is very difficult to summarize an entire escape line in a quote the succinct writing in these articles allowed me to do so. While learning about the other lines it was very easy to see how successful the Comet Line was and how anyone involved matched the NHD theme extremely well.
Koreman, Megan. "Why Did Resisters Resist." Searching for the Dutch-Paris Escape Line. N.p., 13 Dec. 2016. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
This is a very large portion of my interest in the Comet Line and a major reason why it fits the theme so well. The perspective I gained from reading different reasons and ideas behind helping was very illustrative and inspiring.
Martin, Douglas. "Andrée De Jongh, 90, Legend of Belgian Resistance, Dies." The New York Times. The New York Times, 17 Oct. 2007. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
This was an obituary and one of the original articles I read about De Jongh. Though I didn’t use it that much it was very informative while beginning my research.
"Nazi Propaganda." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2016.
Propaganda and crimes against Jews were a constant during Hitler’s reign and a very important part of being able to understand the context of WWII. This site including both things quite well and was very helpful in establishing background information for my project.
"The Pat Line." Anglophone-direct. P-O Life, 24 Mar. 2016. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
As it is very difficult to summarize an entire escape line in a quote the succinct writing in these articles allowed me to do so. While learning about the other lines it was very easy to see how successful the Comet Line was and how anyone involved matched the NHD theme extremely well.
Pfeiffer, Abigail. "The Comet Line and Andrée De Jongh." Abigail Pfeiffer RSS. N.p., 23 May 2010. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This website held very basic information about Andrée de Jongh but offered a different insight about her life and impact as it was more of an opinion piece. While I didn’t use this site as much as others, it was useful for gaining an understanding of her impact in the modern world as information regarding her life.
Shute, Joe. "The Secrets of the Second World War Comet Line Are Revealed." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Covering both de Jongh’s story in detail as well as another woman, Elsie, this website gave a very personal touch to the story of resistance members. As most of my first hand accounts came from the same two sites this source gave my project more diversity and insight.
Skapeta, Andre. "3 Most Successful Resistance Movements in WWII." TheRichest. N.p., 16 June 2014. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
As it is very difficult to summarize an entire escape line in a quote the succinct writing in these articles allowed me to do so. While learning about the other lines it was very easy to see how successful the Comet Line was and how anyone involved matched the NHD theme extremely well.
Books
Sturgeon, Alison. World War II: The Definitive Visual History: From Blitzkrieg to the Atom Bomb. NY, NY: DK, 2015. Print.
This book gave me great ideas for pictures while also providing me with loads of great information and fast facts. It perfectly summed up major themes and issues that were at the forefront of WWII. I was able to apply my knowledge from this book to many other areas of the site.
Forums
LeBlanc, Michael Moores. "Histomil.com." Escape & Evasion History - Histomil.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
At first I was hesitant to use this site as a resource as I thought it could have false information but after an abundant amount of fact checking, the information proved to be correct and the post was a valuable tool as I got a simple yet detailed overview of the Comet line that made understanding the more complex information of other websites easier to understand. The website also gave me a look at general information regarding escape lines which was helpful for the context page.
Videos
The Rise of the Nazis. History.com. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. Winter 2017.
This was a very useful video for the context page as its awesome graphics conveniently matched my color scheme and the message it told was direct and effectively showed the historical context. I was able to quickly edit it and add it to my website to give my site a well-rounded use of media.
Images
Connart, Philippe, Michel Dricot, and Édouard Renière. "Le Réseau Comte." Le Réseau Comte. The Comet Network, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
All images for “Accounts of Downed Airmen” page.
All images for “Home Page” collage.
Chen, Peter C. "World War II Database: Your WW2 History Reference
Destination." World War II Database. WWII, n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress Bombers Dropping Supplies for French Resistance Fighters. Vercors, France, 1944.
German Luftwaffe soldiers loading an 8.8 cm FlaK anti-aircraft gun, Germany, 1943 (note the other guns in the background)
Hitler and Franco in Hendaye.
Eisenhower and Franco In Madrid
Destroyed cars on the streets of Calais, France, May 1940
Hitler, April 23, 1937
German B-29 Plane
German soldier disembarking a train, Belgium or France, 1943-1944
Two German soldiers with camouflaged helmets with a MG34 machine gun,
Dierckx, Peter. "Grave Site of Andrée De Jongh." Graf Gravin Andrée De Jongh,
D'Oultremont, Brigitte. "Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance." Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance. The Comet Line Remembrance, 2005. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
Emblem of the Comet Line created by Andrée de Jongh.
Map of Comet Line Route (the line page)
Andrée de Jongh head shot
Association Badge of the Comet Line Remembrance Organization
"Europe." The Pyrenees Mountains Map and Details. World Atlas, 11 July 2016. Web. 3 Jan. 2017.
"False ID Used by Airmen and Helpers." WWII Netherlands Escape
"Gibraltar Map.” Turkey-visit.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
Image of Vichy France's Flag. French Flag Wallpaper. Wallpaper Cave, 2015.
Web. 23 Dec. 2017.
Lines. N.p., 09 Apr. 2016. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
" M.I.S.-X Manual." Evasion in Europe (1944): n. pag. M.I.S.-X Manual. Web. 20 Dec. 2016.
"National Museum of the US Air Force™." National Museum of the USAF. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2017.
Escape
Invasion
Resistance and Interrogation
Pfeiffer, Abigail. "The Comet Line and Andrée De Jongh." Abigail Pfeiffer RSS. N.p., 23 May 2010. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
Stichter Comète | Hangar Flying. N.p., 04 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
"Take a Closer Look at Ration Books." The National WWII Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
"VICHY FRANCE MAP." Recana Masana. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
Zavoli, Kris. “Personal Photographs”
Slide show on Conclusion Page
Kris Zavoli and Major Cruz
All photographs from In Depth Page
Websites
Connart, Philippe, Michel Dricot, and Édouard Renière. "Le Réseau Comte." Le Réseau Comte. The Comet Network, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
This website was one of the two sites that I found to be the most informative. It had great resources ranging from personal testimonies, to photographs of survival gear. I mainly used this website on the chronicles pages of my website as the individual stories brought a more intimate feeling to the website and demonstrated the overall impact quite well. It also was the main source of information for my process page and had a lot of good quotes to pull. The abundant amount of information here was added upon when the creator of the websites responded to my inquiring emails and gave me more websites and information.
D'Oultremont, Brigitte. "Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance." Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance. The Comet Line Remembrance, 2005. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
It was through this website that I established a connection with Brigitte d’Oultremont and Kris Zavoli who were both extremely helpful in my endeavor. The website itself held an abundance of photographs, maps, and lists that were all directly related to the Comet Line. This was one of the best databases for my research and I used its information in the entirety of my website.
“Escape and Evasion in Wartime Belgium." Www.belgiumww2.info - Escape and Evasion in Wartime Belgium. N.p., 1998. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
This website held detailed information on resistance in Belgium including, but not limited to, the Comet Line. Like most of my other primary sources, this gave me another in depth look at people’s escape stories however this website was unique as it held current and old pictures of the events and places it detailed.
Interview
Zavoli, Kris. "An Interview with the Daughter of an Airman Who Escaped Via the Comet Line." Personal interview. 04 Dec. 2016.
Kris was very helpful in all of my research and put me in touch with all of the other researchers in this area. Her first hand knowledge regarding her father’s experience was an invaluable contribution as it offers a unique perspective to my website that is not a perspective often seen.
Books
Crowe, William Francis. Diary. June-August 1943. World War II. Property of author's daughter, Kris Zavoli.
This diary was the highlight of my website and was an amazing source to experience. The vernacular used by Crowe and the shifting point of views makes it an excellent addition to my website as it shows the reality of the Comet Line and an airman’s experience during WWII.
Hitler, Adolf, and Ralph Manheim. Mein Kampf. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943. Print.
Though I didn’t read the entire book, just skimming and flipping through pages gave me a good idea of the terrible thoughts coursing through Hitler’s mind. By including just one simple quote from the book I was able to summarize what he believed him quite succinctly and fill out Germany’s portion of the background page
Neave, Airey. Little Cyclone. 1973. Print.
This biography was an awesome source of information and gave me a detailed look at the inner workings of the Comet Line and the immense and daring task that de Jongh faced. The knowledge I gained from this book was mainly used in the origins page but also in the page where I detail the different steps that are necessary for a successful escape.
Secondary Sources
Websites
"Air Forces Escape & Evasion Society." Air Forces Escape & Evasion Society. AFEES, n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
This website had a great map of the different escape lines which was an awesome addition to my context page. It also contained links to several interviews (though mainly ones in French) and enabled me to get a more well rounded view about the Comet line. There was a great page about escape aids that was extremely enlightening and had fascinating images.
Bailey, Roderick. "Andrée De Jongh: Organiser of the Comet Line." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 06 Dec. 2007. Web. 05 Jan. 2017.
This was an obituary of Andrée De Jongh and one of the first articles I read about her. Though I only pulled a few quotes from the website I would not have been able to learn as much about De Jongh and the Comet Line if I had not started somewhere. This was, indeed, a great summary of her awe inspiring life.
Bolnger, Bruce. "Comet Line (Le Réseau Comète)." WWII Netherlands Escape Lines. WWII Netherlands Escape Lines, 12 Mar. 2016. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
This was a great website for establishing background information on escape routes, tools, common issues, and other general information that was useful for gaining a well-rounded knowledge about all resistances—not just the Comet Line. While some of its tabs had little information, almost all of its pages had links that were very helpful in furthering my progress.
"The Comete Freedom Trail." WW2 Escape Lines Memorial Society. WW2 Escape Lines Memorial Society, n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
As opposed to the other websites that mainly detailed people’s stories of being shot down and escaping, this website provided an abundant amount of information regarding the route that the Comet Line members took and the terrain and distance that was covered. This enabled me to have different insight throughout my site.
Corbett, Sara. "The Escape Artist." The New York Times. The New York Times, 29 Dec. 2007. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
This was one of the original articles I read about De Jongh. Though I didn’t use it that much as I grew more experienced it was very informative while beginning my research.
"Hitler Urges Spain to Grab Gibraltar." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
History.com Staff. "Belgium Surrenders Unconditionally." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 19 Dec. 2017.
Both of these sources were very effective in my context page as I was able to quickly grasp an understanding of the scope of events and the intensity. The History staff writes great analysis and isn’t convoluted so it is very easy to find awesome quotes to use.
Howard, Georgina. "The Comet Line." Pyrenean Experience. N.p., 05 Apr. 2015. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
At first this site looked very unprofessional and opinionated to me but after delving deeper into it I realized how much useful information it offered and the great photographs and more intimate look it offered. It was also very useful because many of my sites look at the line from a broader perspective and Georgina looked into different people’s stories.
James, Keith. "Chauny Escape Line." Chauny Escape Line. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
As it is very difficult to summarize an entire escape line in a quote the succinct writing in these articles allowed me to do so. While learning about the other lines it was very easy to see how successful the Comet Line was and how anyone involved matched the NHD theme extremely well.
Koreman, Megan. "Why Did Resisters Resist." Searching for the Dutch-Paris Escape Line. N.p., 13 Dec. 2016. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
This is a very large portion of my interest in the Comet Line and a major reason why it fits the theme so well. The perspective I gained from reading different reasons and ideas behind helping was very illustrative and inspiring.
Martin, Douglas. "Andrée De Jongh, 90, Legend of Belgian Resistance, Dies." The New York Times. The New York Times, 17 Oct. 2007. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
This was an obituary and one of the original articles I read about De Jongh. Though I didn’t use it that much it was very informative while beginning my research.
"Nazi Propaganda." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2016.
Propaganda and crimes against Jews were a constant during Hitler’s reign and a very important part of being able to understand the context of WWII. This site including both things quite well and was very helpful in establishing background information for my project.
"The Pat Line." Anglophone-direct. P-O Life, 24 Mar. 2016. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
As it is very difficult to summarize an entire escape line in a quote the succinct writing in these articles allowed me to do so. While learning about the other lines it was very easy to see how successful the Comet Line was and how anyone involved matched the NHD theme extremely well.
Pfeiffer, Abigail. "The Comet Line and Andrée De Jongh." Abigail Pfeiffer RSS. N.p., 23 May 2010. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This website held very basic information about Andrée de Jongh but offered a different insight about her life and impact as it was more of an opinion piece. While I didn’t use this site as much as others, it was useful for gaining an understanding of her impact in the modern world as information regarding her life.
Shute, Joe. "The Secrets of the Second World War Comet Line Are Revealed." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Covering both de Jongh’s story in detail as well as another woman, Elsie, this website gave a very personal touch to the story of resistance members. As most of my first hand accounts came from the same two sites this source gave my project more diversity and insight.
Skapeta, Andre. "3 Most Successful Resistance Movements in WWII." TheRichest. N.p., 16 June 2014. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
As it is very difficult to summarize an entire escape line in a quote the succinct writing in these articles allowed me to do so. While learning about the other lines it was very easy to see how successful the Comet Line was and how anyone involved matched the NHD theme extremely well.
Books
Sturgeon, Alison. World War II: The Definitive Visual History: From Blitzkrieg to the Atom Bomb. NY, NY: DK, 2015. Print.
This book gave me great ideas for pictures while also providing me with loads of great information and fast facts. It perfectly summed up major themes and issues that were at the forefront of WWII. I was able to apply my knowledge from this book to many other areas of the site.
Forums
LeBlanc, Michael Moores. "Histomil.com." Escape & Evasion History - Histomil.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
At first I was hesitant to use this site as a resource as I thought it could have false information but after an abundant amount of fact checking, the information proved to be correct and the post was a valuable tool as I got a simple yet detailed overview of the Comet line that made understanding the more complex information of other websites easier to understand. The website also gave me a look at general information regarding escape lines which was helpful for the context page.
Videos
The Rise of the Nazis. History.com. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. Winter 2017.
This was a very useful video for the context page as its awesome graphics conveniently matched my color scheme and the message it told was direct and effectively showed the historical context. I was able to quickly edit it and add it to my website to give my site a well-rounded use of media.
Images
Connart, Philippe, Michel Dricot, and Édouard Renière. "Le Réseau Comte." Le Réseau Comte. The Comet Network, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
All images for “Accounts of Downed Airmen” page.
All images for “Home Page” collage.
Chen, Peter C. "World War II Database: Your WW2 History Reference
Destination." World War II Database. WWII, n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
USAAF B-17 Flying Fortress Bombers Dropping Supplies for French Resistance Fighters. Vercors, France, 1944.
German Luftwaffe soldiers loading an 8.8 cm FlaK anti-aircraft gun, Germany, 1943 (note the other guns in the background)
Hitler and Franco in Hendaye.
Eisenhower and Franco In Madrid
Destroyed cars on the streets of Calais, France, May 1940
Hitler, April 23, 1937
German B-29 Plane
German soldier disembarking a train, Belgium or France, 1943-1944
Two German soldiers with camouflaged helmets with a MG34 machine gun,
Dierckx, Peter. "Grave Site of Andrée De Jongh." Graf Gravin Andrée De Jongh,
D'Oultremont, Brigitte. "Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance." Ligne Comte Line - Remembrance. The Comet Line Remembrance, 2005. Web. 26 Nov. 2016.
Emblem of the Comet Line created by Andrée de Jongh.
Map of Comet Line Route (the line page)
Andrée de Jongh head shot
Association Badge of the Comet Line Remembrance Organization
"Europe." The Pyrenees Mountains Map and Details. World Atlas, 11 July 2016. Web. 3 Jan. 2017.
"False ID Used by Airmen and Helpers." WWII Netherlands Escape
"Gibraltar Map.” Turkey-visit.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
Image of Vichy France's Flag. French Flag Wallpaper. Wallpaper Cave, 2015.
Web. 23 Dec. 2017.
Lines. N.p., 09 Apr. 2016. Web. 5 Jan. 2017.
" M.I.S.-X Manual." Evasion in Europe (1944): n. pag. M.I.S.-X Manual. Web. 20 Dec. 2016.
"National Museum of the US Air Force™." National Museum of the USAF. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2017.
Escape
Invasion
Resistance and Interrogation
Pfeiffer, Abigail. "The Comet Line and Andrée De Jongh." Abigail Pfeiffer RSS. N.p., 23 May 2010. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
Stichter Comète | Hangar Flying. N.p., 04 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
"Take a Closer Look at Ration Books." The National WWII Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
"VICHY FRANCE MAP." Recana Masana. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 21 Dec. 2016.
Zavoli, Kris. “Personal Photographs”
Slide show on Conclusion Page
Kris Zavoli and Major Cruz
All photographs from In Depth Page